| Industry / Application |
Common Airborne Contaminants |
Typical Source Process |
Health Risks |
| Manufacturing & Fabrication |
Metal fumes (Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn), oil mist, coolant vapor, silica dust, solvent vapors
|
Welding, grinding, machining, cutting fluids, degreasing |
Respiratory irritation, metal fume fever, organ damage, carcinogenic exposure |
| Printing (Offset, Screen, UV, Digital) |
Toluene, xylene, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ozone, carbon black toner
|
Ink solvents, UV curing, toner fusing, cleaning agents |
Headaches, dizziness, respiratory irritation, skin sensitization |
| Laser Cutting & Engraving |
Plastic fumes (acrylic, PVC), metal fumes (Cr, Ni), aldehydes, soot, acrolein
|
Laser cutting/engraving plastics, wood, metals |
Respiratory inflammation, carcinogenic compounds, skin/eye irritation |
| Injection Molding / Thermoforming |
Styrene, formaldehyde, phenol, acrolein, phthalates
|
Heating/melting of polymers, release agents, colorants |
Eye/nose irritation, endocrine disruption, neurological effects |
| Workshops / Metalworking |
Iron oxide, aluminum, manganese dusts, oil mist, CO, Nox, Zn, Ni, Cr
|
Grinding, cutting, forging, lubricant use |
Lung fibrosis, dermatitis, metal toxicity |
| 3D Printing (FDM, SLA, SLS) |
Ultrafine particles (UFPs), styrene, caprolactam, acrylates, epoxy vapors
|
Heated filament extrusion, resin curing, powder fusion |
Respiratory irritation, allergic reactions, potential carcinogenicity |
| Dental Labs / Clinics |
Acrylic resin dust, methyl methacrylate, cobalt/chromium dust, formaldehyde, mercury vapor |
Grinding, polishing, casting, disinfection |
Lung disease, skin sensitization, neurotoxicity |
| Electronics Manufacturing / Soldering |
Rosin/flux fumes, aldehydes, lead fumes, isopropanol vapors, ozone,VOCs
|
PCB soldering, fluxing, wave soldering |
Occupational asthma, lead poisoning, bronchitis |
| Laboratories / Chemical Processing |
Acetone, chloroform, formaldehyde, acids (HCl, HNO₃, HF), peroxides
|
Solvent use, fume hoods, sample prep |
Systemic toxicity, respiratory irritation, carcinogenic exposure |
| Woodworking / Carpentry |
Hardwood dust, formaldehyde, MEK, toluene, lacquer vapors
|
Sanding, cutting, finishing, adhesives |
Lung and nasal cancer (hardwood), allergic rhinitis, asthma |
| Composites / Aerospace / Auto Repair |
Carbon fiber dust, epoxy vapors, isocyanates, cyanates
|
Sanding, resin curing, paint prep |
Respiratory sensitization, chemical burns, allergic reactions |
| Battery / Electronics (EV, Li-ion) |
Cobalt, nickel, lithium dust, HF vapor
|
Cell assembly, electrolyte mixing |
Chemical burns, lung injury, metal toxicity |
| Cosmetic / Pharmaceutical Production |
Talc, silica, alcohols, fragrance VOCs
|
Mixing, filling, cleaning |
Respiratory irritation, skin sensitization |
| Educational / Maker Labs |
3D print fumes, solder smoke, acrylic dust, VOCs
|
Small-scale prototyping |
Eye/nose irritation, allergic sensitivity |
